Comparison between past and present in recreation and leisure activities Essay Example

Comparison between past and present in recreation and leisure activities Essay Recreational and Leisure Activities in Past and Present Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between past and present in recreation and leisure activities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between past and present in recreation and leisure activities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between past and present in recreation and leisure activities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Recreational and Leisure Activities in Past and Present Leisure is described by Veblen as consumption of time non-productively. Various historical eras had different views on leisure and recreation, and they treated them differently. In past historic eras, leisure was viewed as exploitation, but this perception has greatly changed over the years. However, there are some similarities on issues related to leisure and recreation in the past and modern times (Ritchie, 1994) The industrialization era, which occurred in the 19th century, was characterized by rapid improvements in the industries in terms of production. Industrialization profoundly influenced leisure and recreation during this era. The church was not in favor of leisure and instead promoted work, which they highly valued. There was an incident in 1844 where Henry Ward Beecher, a minister, stormed the stage of a concert hall condemning commercial entertainment. In the 1880s and 90s church leaders started favoring play and even provided libraries, assembly halls and gymnasiums (Goodale Godbey, 1988). Churches have continued to promote leisure through organizing and financing of leisure activities. However, despite the banning of the theatre in the earlier period, they started gaining popularity. Drinking was also a major form of leisure during the period just as in modern times where people meet up in bars for a drink just to have fun, interact or even relax after work. Professionalism in sports emerged during this era and has continued to develop in present day where sportsmen earn a living from sporting activities. Countries also hold inter-country sports competitions that promote cohesion. Colleges in the United States were not left behind, they started the first competitive sports events (Goodale Godbey, 1988). This included sports such as baseball, rowing and track. This has continued over the years where inter-school competitions are held in various parts of the world. Football also became a major sporting activity featured in the intercollegiate sporting events and competitions too, and it has continually grown roots in the recreational field and has become one of the most popular sports in the world. The industrialization era had various effects on modern times when it comes to leisure and recreational activities. During this period, various developments promoted recreational activities and facilities. First, the adult education movement that was concerned with adult civic education. Through this, there was an expansive development in reading as a form of recreational experience. A promotion of culture through arts and crafts was also experienced and this promoted study of art in learning institutions. This influence is evident today through the number of libraries stretched across the world, the number of books and other written material published today, the internet is also a clear indication of this development since it provides all sources of written information that one may require. Preservation of natural heritage also began in this period. The Congress took the first step in preservation in1864 where it set aside a large piece of land for recreational purposes. The first state parks were also set aside in the era .these steps widely contributed to promotion of leisure in modern times since these parks are still used to date. People spend their leisure time visiting these places (Murdy, J. J., 2004). Founding of voluntary organizations such as the Young Men’s Christian Association also played a great role in promoting recreational activities especially for the youth and for the children. This has influenced the voluntary organizations to continue contributing in the field of leisure and recreation. Various playgrounds such as the Boston Sand Garden were established where people could play. The Boston Sand Garden was specifically formed for children. Such grounds are in existent up to date and they have widely promoted recreational activities since they are used to host sports events. During this era, many sporting activities emerged such as wrestling matches, shooting matches, foot races. Women also began enjoying recreational activities such as dance, athletics, gymnastics, and physical education. Towards the end of the 19th century, there was a wide emergence of outdoor activities such as hunting, mountain climbing, which have continued to be major sports in modern world (Goodale Godbey 1988). Economic factors in this period also contributed to promotion of recreation act ivies in the 1800s. Since there was increased wages paid to the workers who also had shorter working hours, the workers started participating in organized sports. There were also cheap train transportation services to move players and the fans to sports events. This could be interpreted in modern times as government support on recreational and leisure activities. Governmental support is demonstrated in labor laws that promote the welfare of workers and prevent their over-exploitation giving them leisure time. Another way in which the government has been on the frontline in promotion of recreational activities is through funding. It has been financing various sporting events and motivated sportspeople through various compensation schemes. The past historical eras’ developments had a lot of influence on the current age leisure and recreational activities. It is from these developments that today’s leisure shapes itself to what we see today. Specifically the industrialization era where many changes occurred in terms of development in the economic field and other fields, which developed into the modern world that is full of developments, is a good comparison to the modern views on leisure. Various steps that were taken in that era have made great impacts in the field of leisure and economic activities. They have ensured continued development in this area over the years. An Image of the Industrialization Era References Goodale, T. L., Godbey, G. (1988). The evolution of leisure: Historical and philosophical perspectives. State College, PA: Venture Pub. Murdy, J. J., (2004). Proceedings of the 2003 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium: April 6-8, 2003 Bolton Landing, New York. Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Ritchie, D. (1996). Sports and recreation. New York: Chelsea House.

Free Essays on Nietzsche And Freud

Nietzsche and Freud both had the same idea that society was a major factor effecting ones behavior. However they differed in their perception of the innate qualities of humans and how human progress is best achieved. It will be shown in this paper how Nietzsche and Freud differ in their perception of the innate qualities of humans. Nietzsche believed that humans were innately good and that the essence of humans lied within their will. Freud believed that humans’ innate qualities were bad and it was society which was needed to suppress these qualities. Nietzsche felt that society had too much control over individuals. He states that society had adopted a type of slave morality. Nietzsche felt that if the individual wanted to succeed he or she had to break free of society to better him or herself. The basis of this idea was the theory of the will. Nietzsche believed the will was the human essence. Will is an innate quality because it is not conscience from what society says. Nietzsche believed that individuals were basically born good and it was society that made one bad. In order to avoid society corrupting an individual, one had to follow their will. He wanted the will to be unobstructed by society and in order to do this one had to do away with conscience and consciousness. Conscience is ones sense of right or wrong which comes from what society says. Nietzsche believed that ones consciousness is an illusion and it must be abandoned. By leaving behind what society said and following ones will the individual could achi eve greatness. Success and progress is best achieved, according to Nietzsche, only when there is an infinite expression of the will present. Freud felt it was society that was beneficial to the individual. Contrary to Nietszche, Freud believed that individuals were naturally born bad and it was society which made him or her bad. Freud believed that individuals were born with an id. The id is basica... Free Essays on Nietzsche And Freud Free Essays on Nietzsche And Freud Nietzsche and Freud both had the same idea that society was a major factor effecting ones behavior. However they differed in their perception of the innate qualities of humans and how human progress is best achieved. It will be shown in this paper how Nietzsche and Freud differ in their perception of the innate qualities of humans. Nietzsche believed that humans were innately good and that the essence of humans lied within their will. Freud believed that humans’ innate qualities were bad and it was society which was needed to suppress these qualities. Nietzsche felt that society had too much control over individuals. He states that society had adopted a type of slave morality. Nietzsche felt that if the individual wanted to succeed he or she had to break free of society to better him or herself. The basis of this idea was the theory of the will. Nietzsche believed the will was the human essence. Will is an innate quality because it is not conscience from what society says. Nietzsche believed that individuals were basically born good and it was society that made one bad. In order to avoid society corrupting an individual, one had to follow their will. He wanted the will to be unobstructed by society and in order to do this one had to do away with conscience and consciousness. Conscience is ones sense of right or wrong which comes from what society says. Nietzsche believed that ones consciousness is an illusion and it must be abandoned. By leaving behind what society said and following ones will the individual could achi eve greatness. Success and progress is best achieved, according to Nietzsche, only when there is an infinite expression of the will present. Freud felt it was society that was beneficial to the individual. Contrary to Nietszche, Freud believed that individuals were naturally born bad and it was society which made him or her bad. Freud believed that individuals were born with an id. The id is basica...

While the Budget factored in a decline in Australias terms of trade, Essay - 1

While the Budget factored in a decline in Australias terms of trade, the fall in global commodity prices over recent months has been larger than anticipated - Essay Example The recent natural disasters in Australia, Japan and New Zealand also reduce Australia’s economic growth in early 2011. Combined, these natural disasters detracted around 75%of a percentage point from Australia’s economic growth in 2010-11, the real GDP contracted in the March quarter of that year. While it take many years for the affected communities to recover from these tragic events, the negative impacts on Australia’s economic growth was great, with the resumption of activity and commencement of reconstruction that added to real GDP growth from 2011-12. There have been major changes in term of both structure and trend in Australian trade. Structural change has been going on from as far as 19th centuries and it is not new to anyone. It is one of the ongoing features of Australian economies. In the past years one of the most common changes is that of the service sector, which has accounted for a steadily increasing share of both output and employment. In the early years of 1950s more than of the Australian workforce were employed in the service sector, currently the rate stood at over 75% and the trend seems to be increasing. On the contrary the workforce working in both manufacturing and agricultural sector has steadily

Why Do Voters Vote Against Their Party Dissertation

Why Do Voters Vote Against Their Party - Dissertation Example The importance of this study is to determine the relationship between voting and party identification. The party identification significantly affects the outcome of an election. This was especially true in many elections that took place between 1972 and 2008 and this effect is mostly felt on the presidential vote choice.2 The effect of party ID was weaker between 1980 and 2000, but saw a dramatic rise in effect from 2004 to 2008. Ideological reputation is an emerging perception and attitude that citizens portray towards parties. This is the reason for the greater consistency in the policy views of the members of the public and their partisanship. This means the choice of leadership is motivated by partisanship which consequently implies party identification. In examining of these factors we draw the understanding of the nature of election results as well as the dynamics of the American election. Hence it is true that there is a close link of party identification to the voting choices of American citizens. Mark Twain stated â€Å"no party holds the privilege to dictate me how I shall vote. If loyalty to party is a form of patriotism, I am no patriot†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Plausible reasons why voters vote against their party identification include long term and short term factors. Candidate quality also has a bearing on vote choice. For example, incumbents are evaluated based on their previous record of work hence they can or cannot benefit from the voter evaluation depending on the quality of their work.

Will economic reform along with political repression succeed result in Research Paper

Will economic reform along with political repression succeed result in the Democratization of china - Research Paper Example According to Rummel, democracy can be achieved by regular election; through each particular vote counts, thus leaders are chosen to represent the people and policies that governors are chosen. The right for every citizen to vote is a second way of democracy, and the third is the right for any citizen with the required qualification to vie for the highest office and the right to form political parties in a country. Rummel (Para. 5) further notes that, democratization â€Å"means that a people rule themselves through periodic elections of the highest leaders in which nearly all adults can participate for which offices they are eligible and under the rule of law.† In addition, democracy is sometimes associated with conditions such as the freedom of the media in criticizing the government, its leaders and the policies implemented. Secondly, there is the freedom of more than one political party to competing for power in a country. The third is that the most popular and elected lead er is the head of government. In addition, according to Hauss (Para. 6), democracy is important since it yields to peace in a country. Hence, there is stable peace in democracies as a result of tolerance, trust, cooperation, and reconciliation within a country especially when conflicts arise. The author adds that, just as democratization is important when achieved, it is also difficult to achieve it. The ethnic tensions that result to conflicting issues may create mistrust and intolerance that will yield to lack of cooperation. However, democracy should be effective for results to be evident. China and democracy According to Harding (Para. 3), the Chinese communist party (CCP), had shown signs of embarking on democracy reforms since some leaders of the party had endorsed some issues of democracy, thus showing signs of gradual rise of democracy. However, the Chinese communist party did not choose democratization as one of its strategies in the enhancement of stability in the politica l system. Therefore, direct elections are still limited to the lowest level and nominations are normally controlled by the party. In China, the freedom of non-governmental organizations is limited. In addition, the press in China is usually restricted to some information and so is the internet, thus indicating lack of freedom of the media, which is usually a priority in a democratic nation. The Chinese communist party has only been enhancing more forms of authoritarianism, thus evidently showing that the leaders of this party fear that pluralism may be a risky move in terms of political power and in the continuation of foreign policies, which, ironically, are viewed as of low value by the citizens. In addition, the middle class, which lead to the economic development, was said to be a driver in the promotion of democracy. However, the middle class usually demand for a voice in politics and in China, this group has been rewarded with high salaries, a political voice, and it is repres ented in the Chinese communist party. These have been the strategies used by the communist party to keep the middle class opposition low. Since the middle class members seem to have an interest in democracy, the country has to attend to their demands both politically and economically, so that they may loose their interest for democratization. The China’s middle class believe that the low levels of education and poverty in some part of the country would yield to unworthiness of democracy. Nevertheless, Harding (Para. 9) further argues that, in china for the past years it would have been easier to implement democratic mechanisms by abolishing the property

Reflection on Clinical Placement

Reflection on Clinical Placement Clinical Placement Reflection 1 Communication with others within the clinical setting – this may include staff members, patients and relatives. From working within in a team I have learnt that communication in health and social care underpins everything that professionals do and can determine the quality of service that patients receive. Poor communication between members of inter-professional teams affects the quality of care patients receive and can result in any number of bad experiences for the patients. I’ve noticed that some of the factors that contribute to poor communication include the use of professional jargon, abbreviations and poor handwriting. Thus I made it a personal objective try and avoid these behaviours and if I did for example, use jargon I made sure its universal so that there is no miscommunication. Your ability to work within a team. During this time on placement I have been able to witness and participate in multidisciplinary team meetings and have also had the opportunity to work with different healthcare professionals such as physiotherapist and also have been involved in ward rounds with doctors and nurses. The ward I was placed had a great team. I always felt a part of the team, and that I was making a valuable contribution thanks to both my eagerness to take on anything they threw at me, and, their inclusiveness and supportiveness. I learnt that holding back and waiting for people to notice you is not a good strategy. Let everyone know that you’re interested every day, and opportunities will come your way. Your role and relationship with others within the clinical practice My role and relationship with others within the clinical setting was very important to me. It was important for me to build the team member relationship with others as it helps to establish a mutual understanding and trust with other team members. When reflecting upon my own strengths and weaknesses, in relation to my role and relationship with others, I feel that whilst I am beginning to acquire an in depth understanding of the role of the nurse in the care of the patient, I feel that I lack substantial knowledge of the roles of the other healthcare professionals that I work alongside in the care of these same patients. I have listed the priority of this as being medium to high as I feel that it is not possible to become an effective collaborative healthcare member without having an understanding of the roles of others with whom I am are working with. If there is a lack of understanding of the roles of others, I fee l that it would be difficult to see why they are involved in the care of my patient, or even when it is appropriate to involve other healthcare professionals, inevitably leading to the quality of the care for the patient to suffer. Thus I made it in my best interest to interact more with others during the placement so that I could work alongside them confidently and work towards the same goals. Your problem solving skills. Where possible give examples of how you have used these. Being in acute care setting, the kind of problem-solving that I did tend to be solving were immediate problems rather long-term problems. For example, patients who cant get up who needs to have a sponge and clean linens on their bed. However each patient is different and often I couldn’t just perform the task without thought. The process of problem solving has guided me in finding solutions to a problem. I have learnt that this process is effective and helps me make the right decisions. I have also learnt to reflect on my decision so that I can see if the decision was the best or not for the situation. To assist me in problem solving more complex situations, I asked my mentor to provide some problem solving stimulations to further develop my problem-solving skills which was very beneficial for my learning process. Your time management skills I learnt the importance of time management a lot during this placement. On one of the days, I did not wash my patient before 8:00 am in order to prepare her for her family visit later on that day. My patient’s 10:00 am Parkinson’s’ medication administration was delayed by 45 minutes because she was being washed at that time. This event occurred because I did not prioritize the tasks I had to complete during the day properly, and therefore I learned the importance of time management. If I had obtained nursing knowledge and familiarize myself with the daily routine care of the patient I could have handle my time more efficiently. After this event, I learned effective time management strategies to handle my time on clinical and I will definitely utilize the time managing strategies step by step from knowing , planning , prioritizing tasks, gaining support from other nurses, and being flexible with my tasks. Your ability to understand your competence and scope of practice It was important for me to have an understanding my own competence and scope of practice as it guides me to good clinical practice and the delivery of my care to my patients. As a student enrolled nurse, there were strict practice standards and regulations, especially when medication is involved and supervision from our mentor was required at all times. Reflecting back, there were situations where although the practice was within my scope of practice, the policy and procedures of the facility did not allow it thus it is important to understand and familiarize yourself with the policy and procedures of the hospital as well as working within your scope. How you adapt and use new technology and reflect on historical changes in nursing As I was quite young and I didn’t have any problems adapting and using new technology. It was very exciting seeing new technology as I believe it will greatly improve nursing practice and make it more efficient. Some of the new technologies I had the opportunities to use include new vital signs machine, lifting machines and computer programs that included online hospital policy and procedures and mims. All documentation was still hand-written and stored in folders. Historically, nursing documentation has been a hand- written. However, today facilities are now introducing new technology aimed to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Your competency in relation to your nursing skills Competency in relation to my nursing skills had a lot to do with my confidence. For me, confidence is an important aspect of the practice of nursing and plays a major role in development. After an incident, I recognised that despite my lack of confidence the skill set that required to be completed for a particular patient was within my scope of practice, within my ability and within my knowledge base. On reflection it is clear that my lack of confidence in my ability, when put ‘on the spot’ contributed to my feelings of inadequacy which affected my competency in relation to my nursing skills. Through reflection and use of a mentor I was able to clarify that my weakness was not my nursing skills or knowledge level but my inability to effectively perform when under close scrutiny, which in turn led to a lack of confidence in my skill level and clinical knowledge. To develop my confidence and communication skill I became pr oactive and requested the assistance of a senior clinical educator to critically assess my skills and knowledge base. By doing this I reinforced my knowledge and skills but more importantly developed self-confidence. My efforts in seeking assistance and assessment of my skills could be seen as a step in ‘becoming more independent’. By gaining input and validation from my clinical educator, I ensured that I was able to successfully utilize my nursing skills competently and independently. An overall reflection of the day and how you can use your reflection to improve your practice Upon starting this placement I didn’t really know what to anticipate as it was my first time in a hospital setting, so when I was asked about my expectations all I could say was â€Å"That I wanted to learn all I can† Thinking back on that not so confident response, now at the end of this placement, gives me good insight into how valuable this placement has been to my professional development. This placement gave me the opportunity to begin to see myself as a professional, as I gradually learnt how to think critically about the patient’s health and managing their care and needs. This led to my becoming increasingly confident in the role I was determined to fill. Although I feel that I have a long way to go in this endeavour and will always continue learning, I know that I have learnt a lot during my time at this placement. To further improve my practice, I will use refle ction as it enables me to solve problems or learn from actions through thinking consciously about an activity which would then enable me learn and develop. Clinical Placement Reflection 2 Communication with others within the clinical setting – this may include staff members, patients and relatives. During my placement I was in a stroke unit. Being on this unit, I worked with many clients who suffered from post-stoke symptoms and many had difficulty with speech. The experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an aspiring nurse, I have to continuously sharpen my communication skills because I will be interacting with more diverse range of patients in the future. I have to be able to establish rapport with each new patient and I can do this by communicating with them. I must maximise my communication with my patients because I can do a lot of things by communicating such as motivate, empower, educate and understand my patients. Your ability to work within a team. Working in a team provides me with a great satisfaction. From this teamwork experience, I strongly feel the importance of teamwork in providing consistent care for patients. It taught me to interact with others and as an individual in order to work towards the same goal. I had witnessed examples of both good and poor inter-professional collaboration and communication whilst in practice and have reflected on those incidents. Also, being self-aware I found was not only essential to nursing as a basis for reflection but it also contributed to how I communicate with others and assisted me in developing inter-personal skills with our colleagues so that I could work better in a team. Your role and relationship with others within the clinical practice In order to work efficiently together, it was important to understand my role and the roles of others within the clinic setting. My professional relationships with others was good except with occupational therapist (OT) mainly because I never had a fully understand of their role. I felt more clarity was needed surrounding the role of the OT so I made the efforts to research and speak to some of the OT to find out about their roles. As a result I was able to witness some of their work and worked closely with them. Being professional relationships and understand the roles of others has also lead me to understanding about the unique qualities and skills that different professionals bring to the team. In learning about other team members roles, I was also able to enhance my own professional identity which made me comfortable in the clinical setting. Your problem solving skills. Where possible give examples of how you have used these. I was quite a confident problem-solving however there are times where I’m faced with a situation where I can identify the problem but I’m not able to come up with a solution due to lack of experience. For example performing venepuncture; the patient had very poor vein and my first attempt failed and was very demotivated. We were never taught in school on how to deal with bad veins except to have two attempts and have someone else do it if you fail. Determined to do the venepuncture successful, I suggested to my mentor, if I was able to pull the vein downwards to minimise the movement of the vein. With the approval of my mentor, I went in and was successful on my second attempt. Your time management skills Prioritizing is a necessary tool for effective time management thus I made sure I prioritize tasks from high to low priority order. However during this placement, a staff had questioned my time management skill because I choose to assist patient who was lying in a soiled bed over researching my medications that was due in half an hour. This experience made me question how I was prioritising my time management skills. I decided to reflect on experience, and I believe that the staff was wrong to question my time management skills. I had thought about which was the greater priority in this situation and I still believe that the patient was. If the same situation arose again I feel that I would not do anything different other than to speak up and justify my decisions. I recognize and knowledge Time management as an important skill in nursing and hope that my skills will further improve with practice. Your ability to understand your competence and scope of practice My ability to understand my competence and scope of practice is demonstrated through my clinical practice to safely provide care that is in accordance to the competency standards and actively informing others of my scope of practice. I always clarified what the specific activity or task details were from my mentor and obtained any additional information that I may need, such as facility policies or procedures. I also I made sure I expressed the concern to my mentor or educator. An example of this was my knowledge of medication. Although it was in my scope to administer medication, it was important that I do it competently with full understanding of the drug use and why the patient is receiving it. While it was in my scope, I lacked knowledge of the drug therefore I felt incompetent to administer it safely. For this reason, I made it my goal to research the medications prior to administration. How you adapt and use new technology and reflect on historical changes in nursing During my placement, I adapted well to the new technology. The ward I was on had new software integrated in their computers which allowed me to access patient results and continue my learning through web-based training programs and access to online medical dictionaries and mims. My experience using these was very positive and very efficient. Historically, nursing documentation has been a hand- written. This was still the case in the ward that I was working in. This form of documenting has provided good communication between health care professionals and plan of patient care for the patient for a long period however the increase of medical errors and miscommunication has driven facilities to introduce new technology aimed to improve this and the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical practice. Your competency in relation to your nursing skills Nursing competency requires accumulation of evidence based knowledge and skills, understanding of cultural diversity and the care provided. During clinical practice I used the ANMC competency standards to reflect on my own practice. Areas that I felt competent in was my providing care in a safely manner and my ability to address the physiological, psychological, physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the patients and significant others. In addition, I continued professional education in order to build up knowledge and skills that will be necessary in coping with the dynamic changes in healthcare. Continuing education ensures that my knowledge is current and level of competency is maintained at a satisfactory level. An overall reflection of the day and how you can use your reflection to improve your practice My last placement has proved to be a huge progress. Through observations and clinical practice, I managed to develop my nursing skills both as an independent learner, but also as a member of the health team. Having been assigned patient loads, research medications and or reflecting on how I went, I was able to employ a range of skills that could not have found a better environment to develop in; critical thinking and problem solving, working with others and time management are just few examples. I will continue to do reflective practice to evaluate any clinical incident, positive or negative to attempt to better understand and contemplate the events which have taken place, and the behaviour, emotions and actions of not only myself, but the patient and others involved at that time In doing so, It will increase knowledge surrounding that situation and my professional development.

Code of Ethics Essay -- Ethical Issues, Good Ethics

This essay will discuss the following main statement; the adoption of a proposed new look Code of Ethics, based on the international Federation Accountants’ code, will ensure that New Zealand Charted Accountants meet their ethical responsibilities. Within this essay an adverse position will be taken towards the previous statement. The international Federation of Accountants (IFAC) states that, professional standards and the code of ethics form important benchmarks that should be met by practicing accountants. Accountants should understand and apply them when conducting any type of work (Pickett 2005). The New Zealand Institute of Charted Accountants (NZICA) is a member of IFAC, as part of its member obligations NZICA has to apply the same standards as IFAC (nzica) . This is how the previous statement arises, due to IFAC recently going through a major revision of the code in the area of independence. (nzica) .This essay will appoint different issues and concerns about adopting a new code of ethics and how this change will actually affect the society. Such points are; personal moral judgment, ethical education being a factor of ethical responsibilities and unclear types of enforcement and points of the Code of Ethics. â€Å"Good ethics, whether at work or home, demands self-knowledge, Whereas some groups want to see ethics as a skill or a particular part of organizational transformation, practising good ethics ultimately comes down to you and how you make decisions.†(6). Moral judgment is unique to any individual, adjustments to the NZICA Code of Ethics will not provide a higher rate of success in ethical decisions by professional accountants this is stated in certain studies .Such studies show that moral judgment is not affected ju... ...de of Ethics show the problem is far more extensive than just a few overlook of the previous code. To ensure that New Zealand Charted Accountants act ethically there is need of bigger changes. Ultimately , this essay discussed why the statement; the adoption of a proposed new look Code of Ethics, based on the international Federation Accountants’ code, will ensure that New Zealand Charted Accountants meet their ethical responsibilities, is not essentially right. Throughout the essay with the aid of journal articles, books and other resources a point of agreement that the previous statement is not correct has been achieved. Three different points were arise, personal moral judgment, ethical education being a factor of ethical responsibilities and unclear types of enforcement and points of the Code of Ethics to prove that the previous statement was not correct.

Why Should We Ban Gmos?

GMOs or genetically modified organisms have been a controversial term since the middle 1990s when the FDA approved the papaya to be genetically altered to save it from a worldwide virus leading to its demise. The rash and uneducated decision to save the papaya came without any form of long term effects to the delicate balance of our eco-system and populous. The problem with genetically modified foods is the potential unknown and the long term affects they very well potentially could propose.According to a poll taken by CNBC on April 28th, 2011 eighty-two percent of Americans are against GMOs [1]. The long term effects are becoming more and more prevalent within our society as GMOs continue to be around longer and with more research being done the possibilities for harm increase daily. While I won’t deny the overall idea here has great potential such as potentially virus and fungi immune crops as well as drought resistant crops [2] the overall study and research on this subject is very limited and vague.The side effects of GMOs is already showing up in certain grains and beans such as chronic wasting of internal organs to rats fed genetically modified potatoes and large amounts of defects produced in rats being fed high a diet of herbicide resistant soybeans such as sterile babies and stunted birth [3]. I feel the decision to push heavily for GMOs and filling over seventy percent of American grocery stores with unlabeled GMOs [4] has largely to do with the tyrants who control the market such as Nestle, General Mills, PepsiCo, and Monsanto.While America is being controlled by such companies being the largest consumer of GMOs by over double any other continent or nation [5] while many others such as Japan, Australia, and many of the European Union have heavy restrictions or bans on such goods where consumer rejection has taken place forcing GMOs out. If eighty-two percent of America are against GMOs they must stand up for their beliefs and not be conquered by these tyrants. The FDA’s states, â€Å"Theoretically, genetic modifications have the potential to activate cryptic pathways synthesizing unknown or unexpected toxicants, or to increase expression from active pathways that ordinarily produce low or undetectable levels of toxicants. † The FDA encourages companies that are concerned about toxicity to â€Å"consult informally with the agency on testing protocols for whole foods when appropriate. )† meaning these laws are hardly enforced, if the company is concerned with toxicity they suggest testing and do not require it [4]. In a bio technicians terms genetic modification is the insertion of a gene from a completely foreign and non-related species or organism using a virus or bacteria as a gateway entry into the cellular compound. These gateway and seemly harmless viruses and bacteria are now becoming active in humans due to large amounts of GMO consumption.This is also posing another problem by triggering other genes within the human body and DNA to bring about new allergens among many other things. The FDA refuses to require testing of GMO products claiming they have â€Å"not found it necessary to conduct, prior to marketing, routine safety reviews of whole foods derived from plants. † The FDA is also against labeling GMO products with the mind set of it creating a public concern and panic for goods that are safe to eat. Food manufacturers also worry that labeling GM products with warnings could cause food prices to rise and create uncalled for concern among consumers. † If there is so much concern for stating the potentially increasing side effects then GMOs should be taken off the market and a very in-depth and detailed study should be conducted for the next several years to really make sure this is a revolutionary step for the Earth and its people.

The Two Gentlemen of Verona Essay Example

The Two Gentlemen of Verona Essay Example The Two Gentlemen of Verona Essay The Two Gentlemen of Verona Essay Darko Karamatic Class: Humanities Professor: Michael Martin Date: November 1, 2009 The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Gentlemen of Verona by Shakespeare is a huge art, and Shakespeare as the man that invented its own language of writing is definitely one of the best artists ever. In The Two Gentlemen of Verona which in one sense seems to be unreal story in another is very real. The relationship between best friends as in this section is reduced to such a cynical attitude as it is between Proteus and Valentine. The Two Gentlemen of Verona Proteus and Valentine, known as best friends and their infatuation to the same woman named Silva has led them into trouble. Proteus, a character who in my opinion is a hypocrite and false friend was also able to betray his best friend, Julia and everyone in his vicinity. When Valentine was supposed to go to Milan he also called his best friend Proteus to come with him, but he refused to go. He refused his best friend because of the love he felt towards Julia, but in the meantime his father was persuaded him to leave Verona and go to Milan to gain some life experience. Love between Proteus and Julia was extremely big, it seemed that the two of them were alive for one another. Since Proteus had to leave Verona in a sign of eternal fidelity he exchanged rings with Silvia. After his arrival in Milan Proteus soon forget on Julia and fall in love with the love of his best friends Silvia. As to his best friend, Valentine was not hiding anything from Proteus, and he was not expecting his cunning and jealousy. He told to Proteus all about his visiting Silvia and the love they felt between each other. He also told him about her father, the Duke of Milan, and that he wants her to marry wealthy guy, in this case Thurio. Silvia and Valentine were in love until nasty Proteus did not decide to do anything in his power just to get Silvia’s love. Proteus has decided to go and tell everything to Silvia’s father, all about the relationship between Valentine and Silvia and their plans to escape Milan together. When Duke heard all this stuff he was very surprised because he thought they were just friends. Proteus also asked Duke ot to tell anyone how he found out about this, because Valentine was his best friend.. The Duke immediately wanted to remove Valentine away from his daughter and he did it, he banished Valentine from Milan. In the meantime, Proteus was faking that he wanted to help Thurio to win Silva’s love. In conversation with Proteus, Thurio was persuaded to pay musicians and play serenade under Silvia’s window. After Thurio finally decided to do so, b efore the musicians started playing, Proteus told him to hide and leave him alone in order to help him to win Silvia. Of course it was just a trick for poor Thurio, because Proteus’ intent was to make Silvia think how he prepared all this show for her. At the same time Julia has decided to go to Milan and look for her love Proteus. After her arrival to Milan she found out that Proteus was already in love with another woman and was very disappointed. Since she did not know what to do she decides to disguise as a man and soon after she became his page, called Sebastian. In one situation Proteus sends Sebastian to deliver a letter to Silvia and with the letter he also sends her a ring (the same one which he got from Julia as a sign of great love). After valentine was banished from Milan, he was attacked by outlaws. Instead of just robbing him they started talking and Valentine lied how he was banished from the city because he killed a man. The outlaws told Valentine how they were gentlemen too but they were banished and now they live in the forest. Besides that, they told Valentine that he must become their leader or they will have to kill him. Since Valentine did not have another choice valentine agreed and became one of them, actually more than that, he became their leader. As every comedy has happy end this one was the same way. After Silvia decided to go to the city she was comforted by the outlaws who took her to their leader Valentine. Although I really do not like Proteus as a person, Jeff Bukovinsky had fantastic play. His expression of emotions was just amazing. For instance, when he managed to deceive his best friend, Valentine, as well as the Duke. Furthermore, his falling in love practically every five minutes is just unreal and silly, but he still shows it with so many great importances as it is the very last one. The Proteus as a person is just a garbage, nasty character and it is not worthy anything but the actually acting by Bukovinsky was performed just excellent and deserves all the credit. In addition, the part which I (with not big knowledge) consider as the best played by Bukovinsky was one where Silvia and Proteus were in the forest. There, after refusing his love Proteus having no other choice threatened to rape Silvia (â€Å"Ill force thee yield to my desire†). At the very beginning of the play the audience seemed very excited and tried not to miss anything, and the excitement increased as the show went on. In the second part of the play everyone was paying sharp attention, especially at the moment when Duke found out about Silvia’s and Valentine’s hidden love. Everyone seemed itchy and was waiting for the end even though most of them knew what was going to happen, they were eager to see the scene. The most emotional scene in audience was when the Duke approved love between his daughter and Valentine. I personally think that the play left much more impressions and was much more interesting than actual reading to me. At the play I felt like I was so into it, and could not move my eyes from the stage. At some point, I understood everything that was going on which was not true in case while I was reading the book. Hence, all the credit from me goes to the actual play. Arrangement of characters on stage and just carrying out the performance was fantastic and at the same time professional. I did not notice any single mistake by the actors, and every step they were taking seemed like taken with a big confidence, like they were doing it forever.

Definition and Examples of Prolepsis in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Prolepsis in Rhetoric (1) In rhetoric, prolepsis is foreseeing and forestalling objections to an argument. Adjective: proleptic. Similar to procatalepsis. Also called anticipation. (2) Similarly, prolepsis is a  figurative device by which a future event is presumed to have already occurred. Etymology:  From the Greek, preconception, anticipation Examples and Observations In the ancient art of rhetoric, prolepsis stood for the anticipation of possible objections to a speech. This anticipation enabled the speaker to provide answers to objections before anyone had the chance to even raise them. In other words, the speaker takes the role/attitude of the listener while preparing or delivering his speech, and he tries to assess in advance what possible objections could be raised.(A. C. Zijderveld, On Clichà ©s: The Supersedure of Meaning by Function in Modernity. Routledge, 1979)In 1963, Nobel Prize-winning economist William Vickrey suggested that [automobile] insurance be included in the purchase of tires. Anticipating the objection that this might lead people to drive on bald tires, Vickrey said drivers should get credit for the remaining tread when they turn in a tire. Andrew Tobias proposed a variation on this scheme in which insurance would be included in the price of gasoline. That would have the added benefit of solving the problem of uninsured mot orists (roughly 28% of California drivers). As Tobias points out, you can drive a car without insurance, but you cant drive it without gasoline.(Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff, Would You Buy Car Insurance by the Mile? Forbes, 2005) [P]rolepsis is a form of looking ahead, of assuming something to be the case before it has been encountered, a foreshadowing in some sense. Novelists do this all the time when they hint at things to come, or when they omit information, almost as if they thought the reader already knew it. The result of such prolepsis [is] that the reader (or hearer) creates, rather than passively receives, the information necessary to complete the scene or circumstances that the writer (or speaker) merely hints at.(Leo van Lier, The Ecology and Semiotics of Language Learning: A Sociocultural Perspective. Kluwer, 2004)In the movie The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Luke Skywalker says, Im not afraid, to which Jedi master Yoda responds, You will be. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) contains proleptic scenes of future nuclear devastation envisioned by a woman whose son is the target of a robot sent back in time to kill him.(Ross Murfin and Supryia M. Ray, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Term s, 2nd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2003) Procatalepsis is another relative of the hypophora. While the hypophora can ask any sort of question, the procatalepsis deals specifically with objections, and it usually does so without even asking the question, as in this example: Many other experts want to classify Sanskrit as an extinct language, but I do not. By directly addressing objections, procatalepsis lets the writer further his or her argument and satisfy readers at the same time. Strategically, procatalepsis shows your readers that you have anticipated their concern, and have already thought them through. It is, therefore, especially effective in argumentative essays.(Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, 2007) Pronunciation: pro-LEP-sis

An Austrian company's tale of groth, globalizition and decline Essay

An Austrian company's tale of groth, globalizition and decline - Essay Example 3). Auer went into matured markets, including Egypt, Germany, Italy, and the United States. Hungary might be considered a more of a developing, or emerging, market, which is in line with where the world market is going, in that â€Å"most of the world’s growth is expected to occur in today’s emerging markets† (Cavusgil, 2002, p. 1). The factors in choosing these markets include competition, service costs, market characteristics and uncertainty (Davidson, 1982, p. 85). Based upon what you know about Auer Waffeln’s international expansion into a variety of foreign markets, can you identify distinct stages or phases in the entry process? What are the decisions that must be made at each stage? According to Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul (1975), there are different stages for a firm when they decide to internationalize, and these stages represent successively higher degrees of internationalization commitment (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977, p. 23). When firms go internat ional, each additional market commitment will happen in incremental steps (Johanson & Vahlne, 1990, p. 211). The firms go through these stages, from a low degree of international involvement in Stage 1 to a high degree of international involvement in Stage 4 (Phing & Au, 2001, p. 163). The first stage is where there are no export activities. The second stage is that there is exportation via agents or independent representatives. The third stage is where an overseas sales subsidiary is established. The fourth stage is overseas manufacturing/production units (Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). With his entry into the Middle East, Waffeln conducted direct exportation of his products. This was the first stage of his entry into the market, and one of the biggest decisions that needed to be made when conducting the export business is how to circumvent, so to speak, the unique cultural challenges that exporting directly to the Middle East presents. Cultural challenges is one of the major barriers that internalizing firms face, and it is necessary to understand the cultural differences between the firm and the clientele (Copeland & Griggs, 1985, p. 52). Cultural â€Å"shapes business practices and processes in widely varying ways† (Caslione & Thomas, 2002, p. 24). Negotiating these cultural differences is considered to be one of the most important skills for the international manager (Brooke, 1986, p. 225). Cultural competency is one of the most important factors in gaining a competitive edge (Elashmawi, 2001, p. xvi). How managers interpret and respond to strategic issues is dependent upon the surrounding culture (Becker, 2000, p. 90). Culture can be spread across six different cultural dimensions – how does the society look at the nature of people; how does society look at the relationship between a person and nature; how does society look at the relationship between people; what is the primary mode of activity in society (accepting status quo or chan ging things to make them better); what is the conception of space in a given society (are meetings held in private or public); and what is the society’

About positive message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About positive message - Essay Example The grooming of the workforce is a win-win situation. It is a strategy which will not only benefit the organization but it will also help the employees to improve their market worth which can be cashed on later. There are some rules and regulation while taking any course. These rules and regulations must be followed by the employees so that they can get maximum benefits without any hindrance. Employees are entitled to receive scholarship for those courses which are related to their current job. Initially the courses are being offered for the permanent employees however we also believe that our temporary workers will try to work hard to get the status of permanent employee so that they can also make their market worth through these courses. Tuition fee is considered as one of the major chunk of any study. Therefore the organization has already made an arrangement for it and we hope that employees will make the arrangement for other expenses like books and stationary at their own expense. Grade ‘C’ will be considered as a mandatory requirement for the reimbursement of approved applications of the employees. Temporary employees can take some benefits from the scholarship after the completion of their probationary period with the company. Employees interested in under-graduate programs will be better of since the undergraduate programs are not taxed as per the rules of the taxation. There are very few organizations that care about the workforce to such an extent. However we also believe that these facilities are not only benefiting the employees but such a grooming is also enhancing the goodwill of the organization. We believe that employees should consider it as a life time opportunity and try to give maximum time to their courses after the completion of their work. Work experience can not benefit alone. Many HR managers expect that employees should keep themselves up to date with the latest developments related to their field. For example if